Images of Blood in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- GCSE Course

Images of Blood in William Shakespeare's Macbeth  Ã‚   In Shakespeare?s tragic play Macbeth, the symbol of blood is portrayed often and with different meanings. Blood as a symbol is developed throughout the play until it becomes the dominating theme. Perhaps the best way to show how the symbol of blood changes throughout the play is to follow the character changes in Macbeth. First he is a brave honored soldier, but as the play progresses acknowledged and trusted by his king, he becomes a treacherous person who has become identified with death and bloodshed, and ends up killing Duncan who put so much trust in him. This is ironic because the previous thane of Cawdor was executed for treason, which is the first thought that comes into his mind when he is appointed thane. He knows that the king?s trust was misplaced; the fact that he murdered his king plays upon his conscience and shows his guilt in different forms. The situation worsens for him after he murders Banquo, who was one of his most loyal and trusted friends. A similar idea can also be applied to lady Macbeth, as her character changes dramatically throughout the course of the play. Hers and Macbeth?s roles can be seen to swap in a way. When the idea of killing Duncan come s into the minds of Macbeth and lady Macbeth, Macbeth is uncertain, he seems withdrawn about the whole idea. Lady Macbeth comes across as evil and bloodthirsty, for it is she who ensures that the murder takes place. Towards the end of the play though, although both characters show the immense guilt of what they have done, it is lady Macbeth who is now withdrawn, and Macbeth who comes across as evil, for the full spell of the witches has now taken effect, he does not believe that the Scots will be d... ...s that he is guilty, when he says "But get thee back, my soul is too much charg'd with blood of thine already.? Of which, Macduff replies, "I have no words, my voice is in my sword, thou bloodier villain than terms can give thee out." After the death of Macbeth at the hands of Macduff, the symbolic theme of blood swings back to the theme of triumph and glory that it was at the beginning of the play. It is the symbol of honor to Malcolm this time. The death of Macbeth is an honored feat that Macduff is congratulated for. As we have seen, the meaning of the symbol of blood changes from honor to treachery, and then to guilt, after this, it returns to the symbolic meaning of honor once again after the villain that changed the meaning from honor to tyranny is killed. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Dietrich Klose. Stuttgart: Reclam, 1970.

E-Ticket

INDEX 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. FEASIBILITY STUDY a) ABSTRACT b) PROBLEM STATEMENT c) FORMULATION OF SOLUTION STRATEGIES and d) ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATE SOLUTIONS 3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS a) HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS b) SRS DOCUMENT i. SOFTWARE MODEL ii. ARCHITECTURAL PATTERN iii. DESIGN PATTERN iv. SCOPE AND PROCESS v. OUTLINE OF ANALYZED PROCESSES 4. SYSTEM DESIGN a) PROJECT SYNOPSIS b) ER-DIAGRAMS c) UML DIAGRAMS i. USECASE DIAGRAMS ii. CLASS DIAGRAMS iii. SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS d) DATABASE DESIGN 5. MAINTENANCE 6. CONCLUSION 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ABSTRACT ? Name of the Project: e-Ticketing Vision: The Ultimate motto of the project addresses all the problems that were faced by the current traveling agencies. Coming to the feasibility aspect the current project focuses on 1) Economical Feasibility 2) Technical Feasibility 3) Operational Feasibility ? Deliverables/ Functional Specification:- 1. Current Administrators 2. Current Agents 3. Customers 4. Details of the services. 5. Timings, Sourc e, Destination details. Note: The application should be secured with different levels of access control. INITIAL INVESTIGATION Project Request and Problem initializationThe first step in System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the identification of need. The user request identifies the need for change and authorizes the initial investigation. The objective is to determine whether the request is valid and feasible. The outcome of the initial investigation is the presentation of results called project proposal. An acceptance signature on the project proposal by the authorized person and its acceptance by the MIS department makes it a formal agreement to proceed with the detailed analysis and design of the candidate system. PROBLEM DEFINITION:This project is basically about the â€Å"e-Ticketing† for â€Å"xxxxxxxxxx†. The existing procedure of â€Å"e-Ticketing† was done locally respective to the travelling agency, looking up and checking the various details of di fferent services in different places was a tedious and cumbersome process. It was even error prone and definitely not a pleasant task to perform. There are many problems involved in the existing system and has the following limitations- †¢ Time consuming (All process was done involving manually). †¢ Lack of integration. †¢ Difficulty in data processing (Since for each time the customer has to manually involve). Changing the decision at the last moment is a tedious task. †¢ Difficulty in viewing the service details. These were the chief reasons for the development of the project. To alleviate the above lacuna and thus achieving better information retrieval, the organization has decided to introduce the use of â€Å"e-Ticketing† FORMULATION OF SOLUTION STRATEGIES AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATE SOLUTIONS Organizations today can be benefit from the availability of these alternatives and evaluate how they can best benefit from them in the short to long term. Full tr easury centralization is today more accessible than ever.The traditional centralizing structures are still the preferred options, but payment factories are becoming more critical as the integration layer between treasury and the rest of the organization. Furthermore, strategic outsourcing is lowering the investment and project risk barriers and can significantly reduce the execution time of a centralization initiative if not even leap-frog some of the intermediate phases. While organizational centralization is a concept that is well understood, its practical application faces many challenges that often lead to a slow progression towards fully centralized management models.Transition can take different forms and can proceed at different speeds depending on the corporate organization. Individual business as well as form-wide initiatives, driven by cost efficiency, process integration or performance visibility, generate new centralization-fostering opportunities The use of reference to centralization terminology requires some qualifications: †¢ Strategic coordination – the less intrusive form, relying on policies, procedures and guidelines centrally issued. Compliance control – based on a formal and strict compliance and reporting framework, which could extend to central approval for certain activities †¢ Mandated execution – involving the transfer of some value-adding activities to a central entity †¢ Functional consolidation – migration and reorganization of entire activities into a new infrastructure Over the past decade functional centralization has experienced a strong acceleration thanks to rapid developments in application technology and communication protocols.By breaking down some of the barriers to effective exchange, access and circulation of data and information, the functional distribution of tasks and activities can be designed in a more flexible manner. Business applications can be deployed as single globa l installations and accessed remotely and securely. They can interface more easily with other systems and integrate a number of independent or standalone processes. The combination of these features takes centralization to a new level of sophistication and at the same time makes it more accessible and appropriate to a broader number of organizations.While organizational centralization is a concept that is well understood, its practical application faces many challenges that often lead to a slow progression towards fully centralized management models. Transition can take different forms and can proceed at different speeds, depending on the corporate organization. â€Å"Centralization† is commonly associated with a number of strong benefits that range from pure cost savings to control improvement, full compliance with corporate policies, process standardization, increased productivity and expertise consolidation. Hardware and software Requirements User interface requirements: D reamweaver MX.IDE : Eclipse Database requirements : Oracle8. 1 Server : Tomcat 5. 0 Preferred Technologies : JavaScript, Java ( Jdbc 2. 0,Servlets2. 1, JSP 1. 2 ,Struts) SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS MODEL In this project we are using the â€Å"Evolutionary Model† which is also referred to as the successive versions model and sometimes as the Incremental model. Comparison of different life cycle models Although classical waterfall model is the basic model for all the other life cycle models but it cannot be used in practical development projects, since these models supports no mechanism to handle the errors during the phases.This problem is overcome in iterative waterfall model but it is not suitable for very large projects and for projects that are subject to many risks. This model assumes that the requirements be completely specified before the next of the development activity can start, it cannot be satisfactorily used in projects where only rough requirements are available at the beginning of the project. This model creates blocking states in the system i. e. , some team members would have to wait for a phase to be complete before they can start their next activity. This is clearly wastage of resources and such wastages are rarely tolerated in real projects.In this life cycle model, the software is first broken down into several models (or) functional units, which can be incrementally constructed and delivered. The development team first develops the core modules of the system. This initial product skeleton is refined into increasing levels of capability by adding new functionalities in successive versions. Each evolutionary version may be developed using an iterative waterfall model of development. Each successive version of the product is fully functioning software capable of performing more useful work than the previous versions.In this model, the user gets a chance to experiment with partially developed software much before the complete version o f the system is released. Therefore, the evolutionary model helps to accurately elicit user requirements during the delivery of the different versions of the software, and the change requests therefore after delivery of the complete software are minimized. Also the core modules get tested thoroughly, thereby reducing chances of errors in the core modules of the final product. Further, this model obviates the need to commit large resources in one go for development of the system.The main disadvantage of the successive versions model is that for most practical problems it is difficult to divide the problem into several functional units, which can be incrementally implemented and delivered. Therefore, the evolutionary model is normally useful for only very large products, where it is easier to find modules for incremental implementation. Often the evolutionary model is especially when the customer prefers to receive the product in increments to be able to start using the different feat ures as and when they are developed rather than waiting for the full product to be developed and delivered.Evolutionary model is very popular for the object-oriented software development projects, because the system can easily be partitioned into stand-alone units in terms of the objects. ARCHITECTURAL PATTERN Model-View-Controller The Model Layer The model layer in a Java based web application can be implemented using any Java-based technology, such as EJB, Hibernate, or JDO. In our CoreBanking System. The model is represented as simple JavaBeans containing the data and business logic in a simple data access object. As far as possible, the model objects should be developed so that they have no knowledge of the environment.This allows us to more easily reuse them across environments and applications. The View Layer The view layer of most Java based web applications is made up of JavaServer pages. To facilitate the development of the view, Java provides a set of JSP tag libraries. Th ese tag libraries allow us to easily provide fully internationalised user interfaces that interact with the model components of a web application. The vast majority of dynamic Web front ends are based on HTML forms, and users of such applications have come to expect from these applications certain behaviours, such as form validation.With standard JSP, this is a tedious process that involves recording the contents of the form and populating every form element with information from a JavaBean in case of error. Java facilitates this sort of form processing and validation using Custom tags. These, in combination with the JSP tag libraries, make View development with forms really simple and natural. The Controller Layer Java includes a Servlet that implements the primary functions of the Controller, which is to map the incoming URL to a model object. The Servlet provides the following functions: 1.Decide what action is required to service a users request 2. Provide view data to the view 3. Decide which view to show next A Java developer must provide these actions (models) to implement the logic of their application. What is Model-View-Controller? . Let’s start by looking at how the Model, the View, and the Controller interact with one another: [pic] Figure 1: Model 2/MVC architecture As you can see from the above diagram, the user interacts with the Controller components (usually represented by Servlets) by submitting requests to them.In turn, the Controller components instantiate Model components (usually represented by JavaBeans or other similar technology), and manipulate them according to the logic of the application. Once the Model is constructed, the Controller decides which View (usually represented by JavaServer Pages) to show to the user next, and this View interacts with the Model to show the relevant data to the user. Using Java Server Pages or Servlets alone is known as Model 1. Model 2 was not particularly innovative or new; it uses Servlets to resemble Controller and Java ServerPages for resembling views.Many people realised that it follows the well-known MVC pattern that was developed back in the days of Smalltalk. As such, Java programmers tend to use the terms Model 2 and MVC interchangeably. DESIGN PATTERN Data Access Object Context Access to data varies depending on the source of the data. Access to persistent storage, such as to a database, varies greatly depending on the type of storage (relational databases, object-oriented databases, flat files, and so forth) and the vendor implementation Problem Applications can use the JDBC API to access data residing in a relational database management system (RDBMS).The JDBC API enables standard access and manipulation of data in persistent storage, such as a relational database. The JDBC API enables J2EE applications to use SQL statements, which are the standard means for accessing RDBMS tables. However, even within an RDBMS environment, the actual syntax and format of the S QL statements may vary depending on the particular database product. There is even greater variation with different types of persistent storage. Access mechanisms, supported APIs, and features vary between different types of persistent stores such as RDBMS, object-oriented databases, flat files, and so forth.Such disparate data sources offer challenges to the application and can potentially create a direct dependency between application code and data access code. When business components-entity beans, session beans, and even presentation components like servlets and helper objects for Java Server Pages (JSP) pages –need to access a data source, they can use the appropriate API to achieve connectivity and manipulate the data source. But including the connectivity and data access code within these components introduces a tight coupling between the components and the data source implementation.Such code dependencies in components make it difficult and tedious to migrate the appl ication from one type of data source to another. When the data source changes, the components need to be changed to handle the new type of data source. Forces Portability of the components is directly affected when specific access mechanisms and APIs are included in the components. Components need to be transparent to the actual persistent store or data source implementation to provide easy migration to different vendor products, different storage types, and different data source types. SolutionUse a Data Access Object (DAO) to abstract and encapsulate all access to the data source. The DAO manages the connection with the data source to obtain and store data. The DAO implements the access mechanism required to work with the data source. The data source could be a persistent store like an RDBMS, an external service like a B2B exchange, a repository like an LDAP database, or a business service accessed via CORBA Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP) or low-level sockets. The business com ponent that relies on the DAO uses the simpler interface exposed by the DAO for its clients.The DAO completely hides the data source implementation details from its clients. Because the interface exposed by the DAO to clients does not change when the underlying data source implementation changes, this pattern allows the DAO to adapt to different storage schemes without affecting its clients or business components. Essentially, the DAO acts as an adapter between the component and the data source. Participants and Responsibilities Business Object The Business Object represents the data client. It is the object that requires access to the data source to obtain and store data.A Business Object may be implemented as a session bean, entity bean, or some other Java object, in addition to a servlet or helper bean that accesses the data source. Data Access Object The DataAccessObject is the primary object of this pattern. The DataAccessObject abstracts the underlying data access implementati on for the Business Object to enable transparent access to the data source. The Business Object also delegates data load and store operations to the DataAccessObject. Transfer Object This represents a Transfer Object used as a data carrier. The DataAccessObject may use a Transfer Object to return data to the client.The DataAccessObject may also receive the data from the client in a Transfer Object to update the data in the data source. Consequences: †¢ Enables Transparency Business objects can use the data source without knowing the specific details of the data source's implementation. Access is transparent because the implementation details are hidden inside the DAO. †¢ Enables Easier Migration A layer of DAOs makes it easier for an application to migrate to a different database implementation. The business objects have no knowledge of the underlying data implementation. Thus, the migration involves changes only to the DAO layer.Further, if employing a factory strategy, i t is possible to provide a concrete factory implementation for each underlying storage implementation. In this case, migrating to a different storage implementation means providing a new factory implementation to the application. †¢ Reduces Code Complexity in Business Objects Because the DAOs manage all the data access complexities, it simplifies the code in the business objects and other data clients that use the DAOs. All implementation-related code (such as SQL statements) is contained in the DAO and not in the business object.This improves code readability and development productivity. Centralizes All Data Access into a Separate Layer Because all data access operations are now delegated to the DAOs, the separate data access layer can be viewed as the layer that can isolate the rest of the application from the data access implementation. This centralization makes the application easier to maintain and manage. Scope of the Development Project Database Tier: The concentration is applied by adopting the Oracle 8. 1 Enterprise versions. SQL is taken as the standard query language.The overall business rules are designed by using the power of PL/SQL components like stored procedures stored functions and database triggers. User Tier: The use interface is developed is a browser specific environment to have centralized architecture. The components are designed using Dreamweaver and Java server pages power the dynamic of the page design. Data Base Connectivity Tier The communication architecture is designed by concentrated on the standards of servlets and Java Beans. The database connectivity is established using the Java Database connectivity. PurposeThe generated application is the first version upon the system. The overall system is planned to be in the formal of distributed architecture with homogeneous database platform. The major objective of the overall system is to keep the following components intact. ( System consistency ( System integrity ( Overall se curity of data ( Data reliability and Accuracy ( User friendly name both at administration and user levels ( Considering the fact of generality and clarity ( To cross check that the system overcomes the hurdles of the version specific standards OUTLINE OF ANALYZED PROCESSES ACTOR: ADMIN Process:1 Registration of new Administrator Input: Enter all the admin details like first name, last name, date of birth etc. Process: registration (form) Output: registration success/ registration fail ? Process:2 View Pending Agents Input: All the Pending Agents Process: view Pending Agents (form) Output: Accept/Reject Process:3 View Permanent Agents Input: All the Permanent Agents Process: view all the permanent Agent Details Output: success/fail ? Process :4 Add a new Bus Input: Enter Number, Type, Source, and Destination†¦ Process: Add the details in the database Output: success/fail Process :5 Add a new Bus Type Input: BusType, Id†¦ Process: Insertion of new Type (Id. ) Output: succes s/fail ? Process :6 Add Offer Input: OfferName, Applicable for, time. Process: adding Offer (form) Output: success/fail ? Process :7 Add New Trip Details Input: Enter all the trip details like Tripid, Locationid, etc. Process: New Trip (form) Output: success / fail ? Process:8 Change Halts Input: Enter existing source, destination details of the Location Process: change Halts (form) Output: success/fail ? Process:9 Send Messages To Notice Board Input: Enter Description of the Topic, Applicable to†¦Process: sendMessages(adform) Output: success ? Process:10 Send Mails Input: Agents Id, Customer Id Process: send mails (form) Output: success ? Process:11 Create new group Input: Enter grid and name of the group Process: insertGroupDetails (GroupDetailsForm gdf) Output: success ? Process:12 View all the Buses Input: View All Process: get all the details from Database Table Output: success/fail ? Process:13 View Offers Input: View Offers, Time they will be elapsed. Process: view Offer s (table) Output: success ? Process:14 view Permanent Agents Input: view all the existing Permanent AgentsProcess: all the permanent Agents (table) Output: success ? Process:15 view messages Input: view All the messages that r sent by Agents, Customers Process: view Messages (table) Output: success ? Process:16 view Buses Input: view all the existing Buses Process: view Buses(table) Output: success ? Process:17 View TripDetails Input: view All the TripDetails Process: Get all the trip details like(Trip Id,Timings.. ) Output: success ? Process:18 view BusTypes Input: view all the existing BusTypes Process: View BusTypes(table) Output: success ACTOR: AGENT ? Process:1 RegistrationInput: Enter all the Agentdetails like first name, last name, date of birth etc. Process: registration (form) Output: registration success/ registration fail ? Process:2 View Pending Agents Input: All the Pending Agents Process: view Pending Agents (form) Output: Accept/Reject ? Process:3 View Permanent Agent s Input: All the Permanent Agents Process: view all the permanent AgentDetails Output: success/fail ? Process :4 Add a new Bus Input: Enter Number, Type, Source, and Destination. Process: Add the details in the database Output: success/fail ? Process :5 Add a new BusType Input: BusType, Id,Process: Insertion of new Type (Id. ) Output: success/fail ? Process :6 AddOffer Input: OfferName, Applicable for,time.. Process: adding Offer (form) Output: success/fail ? Process :7 Add New TripDetails Input: Enter all the tripdetails like Tripid, Locationid, etc. Process: NewTrip(form) Output: success / fail ? Process:8 Change Halts Input: Enter existing source, destination details of the Location Process: change Halts (form) Output: success/fail ? Process:9 Send Messages To NoticeBoard Input: Enter Description of the Topic,Applicable to†¦ Process: sendMessages(adform) Output: success Process:10 SendMails Input: AgentsId, CustomerId Process: send mails(form) Output: success ? Process:11 Cr eat new group Input: Enter gid and name of the group Process: insertGroupDetails (GroupDetailsForm gdf) Output: success ? Process:12 View all the Buses Input: View All Process: get all the details from Database Table Output: success/fail ACTOR: CUSTOMER ? Process:1 Registration of new Administrator Input: Enter all the admindetails like first name, last name, date of birth etc. Process: registration (form) Output: registration success/ registration fail ? Process:2 View Pending AgentsInput: All the Pending Agents Process: view Pending Agents(form) Output: Accept/Reject ? Process:3 View Permanent Agents Input: All the Permanent Agents Process: view all the permanent Agent Details Output: success/fail ? Process :4 Add a new Bus Input: Enter Number, Type, Source, and Destination. Process: Add the details in the database Output: success/fail ? Process :5 Add a new Bus Type Input: BusType, Id, Process: Insertion of new Type (Id. ) Output: success/fail ? Process :6 AddOffer Input: OfferNa me, Applicable for, time. Process: adding Offer (form) Output: success/fail Process :7 Add New TripDetails Input: Enter all the trip details like Tripid, Locationid, etc. Process: New Trip (form) Output: success / fail Project Synopsis Technical Descriptions ? Database: The total number of databases that were identified to build the system is 14. The major parts of the databases are categorized as administration components and customer of based components. The administration components are useful is managing the actual master data that may be necessary to maintain the consistency of the system. These databases purely used for the internal organizational needs and necessities.The Administrator, Agent and Customer components are designed to handle to transactional states that arise upon the system whereas customer makes a visit onto the portal for making his transactions faster. The Customer components are scheduled accept parametrical information from the users as per the system nece ssity. ? GUI: In the flexibility of the users the interface has been developed a graphics concept in mind, associated through a browsers interface. The GUI’S at the top level have been categorized as ? Administration users interface ? Agents interface ? Customer users interfaceThe Administration users interface concentrate on the consistent in that is practically part of organizational actuaries and which needs proper authentication for data collation. The Administrator and Agent user interface helps the respective actors in transacting with the actual information as per their necessities with specific to the required services. The GUI’s restrict the ordinary users from mismanipulating the systems data, which can make the existing system non-operational. The information with specific to their personal standards and strategies can be changed through proper privileges. Modules: ) Administrator Module: This module maintains the services related to system administrator who is authenticated upon the system. This module fairly maintains the integration between the modules related to backend database and the functionalities carried out in the whole organization. This module also binds itself with the agent and customer details. 2) Agent Module: This module maintains the information related to the customers who have been signed upon to the system as well as the internal information of the organization. The module integrates itself with the other modules like the Administrator module and customer module that are provided y the organization. This module acts as a major integrator with Admin transactions and the requests for approvals that are raised by the customer. 3) Customer Module: This module manages and keeps track of the details of the existing services. It has interaction to Agent as well as administrator to keep track of the consistency of information form time to time as they are executed. 1. Actor: Admin The Admin module consists of the followin g services: ? Register another administrator. ? View pending agents and Accept or Reject them ? View permanent agents ? Add a new Bus. ? Add New Bus Type ? Add Offer Add New Trip Details ? Change Halts ? Send Messages to notice Board ? Send Mails ? View All the Busses ? View All Administrators ? View Offers ? View Permanent Agents ? View Messages ? View Busses ? View Trip details ? View Bus Types Register another administrator: In this process, Admin submits the details of another administrator with whom he want to share his responsibilities. The person whom admin appoints as an administrator will have the privilege to do all the responsibilities that are performed by actual Admin only if he is properly authenticated after login. †¢ View pending agents and Accept or Reject them::In this process, he can view the pending agents, he may accept the agents or reject. The agents who r accepted will be treated as Permanent agents. Those who are rejected, their details will not be upda ted in the database. †¢ ViewPermanentAgents: In this process he can view all the permanent agents along with their complete details. And the details of new Agents which he made from pending to permanent agents. †¢ Add New Bus : In this process, if the existing services are not able to meet the requirements of customers, he may add new types to meet the requirements of customer. Add New Bus Type: In this process, if the existing services are not able to meet the requirements of customers, he may add new types to meet the requirements of customer. †¢ Add Offer: In this process, a strategy of new offers will be declared by admin to attract customers, and increase his business and thereby withstanding in the competition. †¢ Add New Trip Details: In this process, new trip details will be declared by admin as per the agent & customer requirements. By modifying the trip details according to customer and agent requirements they may feel convenient. †¢ Change Halts:I n this process, admin can change the halts of his buses according to the Requirement of customers and also the agents keeping in view of appropriate halts and timings. †¢ Send Messages to notice Board: In this process, admin can display the messages about the bus services, timings, charges, offers, trips, also the details of performance appraisal of his employees to motivate them. †¢ Send Mails: In this process, admin can send the messages about the queries that were posted by both agent and customer. A proper feedback must be there for every organization to withstand the competition and to be interactive with customers. View All Administrators: In this process Admin can view all the administrators that are appointed by him for responsibility division. and he can all the details of them completely in this module. †¢ View Offers: In this process Admin can view the offers he provided . Because he should delete the offers as and when the time of the particular offer has been elapsed. †¢ View Permanent Agents: In this process Admin can view the permanent agents that r under his guidance. By viewing this module he can have the complete idea that who are the new agents added as permanent and also their details. View Messages: In this process Admin can view all the messages that are sent by agents for enhancements and has the privilege to implement the enhancements if the requirements are really needed. Can view all the messages that are sent by agents for enhancements and has the privilege to implement the enhancements if the requirements are really needed. †¢ View Buses: In this process, admin can view the details of the services and their appropriate timings and their halts and also the type of services and all other desired details. †¢ ViewTripDetails:In this process, admin can view the details of the services and their appropriate timings and their halts and also the type of services and all other desired details. †¢ ViewBusTyp es: Instead of sending messages to each and every account with this service Admin can display the message into the notice board and is accessed by every person. †¢ Logout: Whenever the Admin wants to quit the application he needs to use this service so that the session will be invalidated so that no one can access his account thus restricting others in accessing the Admin’s account. 2. Actor: Agent Registration for new License ? Registration ? Add Offer ? View Offers ? Send Messages ? View Messages ? Book Ticket ? Block Ticket ? Add Customer ? View Customers ? Logout †¢ Request for new license: In this process, new bus station that is agent want to establish should take a license from the Central agency i. e. Head Office . In the license certificate establishment details. Location, date details will be there. Registration In this process, agent can change his password by submitting the specified fields like agent id, old password, new password, retype new password.I f he enters the correct values then his password and he will get new password. †¢ Add Offer In this process, offers will be announced by agent office to implement business strategies such that it will improve the throughput and withstand in the competitive environment. †¢ View Offers: In this process, the existing offers include and also to delete the offers if the specified offer time has been elapsed. †¢ Send Messages: In this process, the total offers include new & old will be maintaining at the agent office. If the correspondent agent office has some permanent customer it can send messages to them. View Messages: In this process, every agent maintain list of messages to which they have sent, the messages how the people (customers r interactive with both agents and Administrators. †¢ Book Ticket: In this process, agent can book the tickets as the requirement of the customer approached by verifying the availability of trips, timings, availability seats†¦. †¢ Block Ticket In this process, agent office maintains details of customers if any one wants to cancel the tickets immediately they can block the tickets by assigning to others who r ready that trip. .Add Customer:In this process, if any customer wants to register with the agent he has the privilege to add the customer and make the services available to this new Customer. †¢ View Customers: In this process, every agent office maintains data about the customers, and their complete details regarding the journey along with his journey details. And also the services he was using. †¢ Logout: Whenever the Agent wants to quit the application he needs to use this service so that the session will be invalidated so that no one can access his account thus restricting others in accessing the Agent’s account. 3. Actor: Customer ? Register ? View Offers View Messages ? Send Messages to Agent ? Send Messages to Administrator ? View Bus Services ? View Bus Trip details like t imings †¦ ? Send Request to agent for booking a ticket ? Logout †¢ Register : In this process the Customer who wants the intended services provided by the agency. He should submit the details required, and if they r valid then only he will be given with one unique ID, Password which he should submit while login phase. If he forgets the password or Id he will be provided with an option to regain its Uid And password, but he should submit some details correctly with the data which he was submitted during registration phase. View Offers: In this process, customer see offers according to that he can register to view the offers. If he is eligible for that offer i. e. time is not elapsed he may bargain that offer. †¢ View Messages: In this process, customer sees all messages that are given by Customers, Agents, and Administrators and may get the required information. †¢ Send Message to Agent: In this process, Customer Registration modifications (i. e. ticket cancellati on, buy new tickets, dates postponement) occur. If the customer has any problem-sending message to agent can solve him. †¢ Send Message to Administrators:If the agents could not solve problems of the customers, meesage are sent to the administrators to solve those problems. Such they may get the accurate information from the adminstrator or send their valuable suggestions to implement by the Organization. †¢ View Bus Services: This process helps to get overall information about bus services i. e. Bus timings, routes such that he may get the services for his desired timings And may travel accordingly. †¢ View Bus Trip details like timings †¦ This process helps to give overall information about bus services And No. f Trips, Bus timings, routes, availability at his desired timings †¢ Send Request to agent for a ticket booking: In this process customer can directly reserve the tickets in nearer agents or from far place. by submitting the source & destination det ails along with the fare details i. e. the way of amount to be paid. †¢ Logout: Whenever the Customer wants to quit the application he needs to use. This service so that the session will be invalidated so that no one can access his Account thus restricting others in accessing the customer’s account. IMPLEMENTATION Program Design LanguageThe program design language is also called as structured English or pseudopodia. PDL is a generic reference for a design language PDL looks like a modern language. The difference between PDL and real programming language lies in the narrative text embedded directly within PDL statements. The characteristics required by a design language are: ? A fixed system of keywords that provide for all structured constructs date declaration and modularity characteristics. ? A free syntax of natural language that describes processing features. ? Subprogram definition and calling techniques that support various nodes of interface description.PDL syntax should include constructs for subprogram definition, interface description date declaration techniques for structuring, conditions constructs, repetition constructs and I/O constructs. PDL can be extended to include keywords for multitasking and/or concurrent processing interrupt handling, interposes synchronization the application design for which PDL is to be used should dictate the final form for the design language. Testing Objectives: The main objective of testing is to uncover a host of errors, systematically and with minimum effort and time. Stating formally, we can say, ?Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error. ? A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error. ? The tests are inadequate to detect possibly present errors. ? The software more or less confirms to the quality and reliable standards. Unit Testing : ? The purpose of the coding and unit testing phase of software development is to translate the software d esign into source code. Each component of the design is implemented as a program module. The end-product of this phase is a set of program modules that have been individually tested.To enable the engineers to write good quality programs, every software development organization normally formulates its own coding standards that suits itself. A coding standard addresses issues such as the standard ways of laying out the program codes, the template for laying out the function and module headers, commenting guidelines, variable and function naming conventions, the maximum number of source lines permitted in each module, and so forth. ? During this phase, each module is unit tested to determine the correct working of all the individual modules.It involves testing each module in isolation as this is the most efficient way to debug the errors identified at this stage. Another reason behind testing a module in isolation is that the other modules, with which this module has to be interfaced, may not be ready. Integration and System Testing Integration of different modules is undertaken once they have been coded and uni tested. During the integration and syste3m testing phase, the modules are integrated in a planned manner. The different modules making up a software product are almost never integrated in one shot.Integration is normally carried out incrementally over a number of steps. During each integration step, the partially integrated system is tested and a set of previously planned modules are added to it. Finally, when all the modules have been successfully integrated and tested, system testing is carried out. The goal of system testing is to ensure that the developed system conforms to its requirements laid out in the SRS document. Our project is integrated and tested by using an activity by name (- testing. (- testing is the system testing performed by the development team. MAINTENANCEMaintenance is any work done to change the system after it is in operational. The term maintenance is used to describe activities that occur following the delivery of the product to the customer. The maintenance phase of the software life cycle is the time period in which a software product performs useful work. Maintenance activities involve making enhancements to products, adapting products to new environments, correcting problems. In this be retrieve the data from the database design by searching the database. So, for maintaining data our project has a backup facility so that here is an additional copy of data, which needs to be maintained. More over our project would update the annual data on to a CD, which could be used for later reference. CONCLUSION ? WORK DONE: The â€Å"e-Ticketing† was successfully designed and is tested for accuracy and quality. During this project we have accomplished all the objectives and this project meets the needs of the organization . The developed will be used in searching, retrieving and generating information for t he concerned requests. ? GOALS ? Reduced entry work. ? Easy retrieval of information ? Reduced errors due to human intervention ? User friendly screens to enter the data Portable and flexible for further enhancement ? Web enabled. ? Fast finding of information requested BIBLIOGRAPHY Reference Books: 1. The Complete Reference ——————–Patrik Naughton, Herbert Schildt 2. Java Servlet Programming ——————–Orielly 3. Html Black Book ——————–Steven Hozner 4. The Programming Language ——————–Ivan Bayross 5. Software Engineering ——————–James Websites: 1. http://www. java. sun. com 2. http://www. sunsoft. com 3. http://www. javasoft. com 4. http://www. apress. com 5. http://www. oracle. com 6. http://www. jspin. com

Essay on African Diaspora - 1818 Words

Part 1: Question one is what is the African diaspora? (Who should be considered in the African diaspora? How is this like the black Atlantic and how is it different?). Students should use the Colin Palmer piece to answer this question. In its most recognizable form, the African diaspora refers to the many cultures and societies abroad that exist throughout the world as the result of the historic movement, mostly forced, of native Africans to other parts of the globe. Most specifically, the African diaspora is the blanket term used to represent a confluence of events that led to the forced displacement of millions of innocent people. The term first originated in the 1950s and initial studies focused on the â€Å"dispersal of people of†¦show more content†¦No diasporic community manifests all of these characteristics or shares with the same intensity an identity with its scattered ancestral kin. In many respects, diasporas are not actual but imaginary and symbolic communities and political constructs; it is we who often call them into being.† (Palmer) It is essential to note that the term African Diaspora does not describe any single event, group of people or set of customs. It represents a current state of being for many citizens of the world and provides context for understanding the social structures and intercultural relationships of the world we live in today. Collin Palmer provides great insight into the context of diaspora. He writes that there have been several movements, massive migrations of people, throughout history. There is no single â€Å"diasporic movement or monolithic diasporic community† to be studied, but rather a confluence of people, events and ideologies that span thousands of years, across every continent. Each period of movement, each diasporic stream, happened for different reasons. Palmer’s approach to the African Diaspora begins with a look nearly 100,000 years into the past. He identifies five major streams, with the first African diaspora that occurred as aShow MoreRelatedThe African O f African Diaspora Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of four months, through my African World Survey class, I have seen a glimpse of five thousand years of African history unfold. Before entering the class, my expectations from the course was to learn where did my people come from and how did they live. Within the time I spent in the first class, I soon realized that these two questions did not have simple answers to them. Among this discovery, I learned that people in the African Diaspora makeup every aspect of the human race whetherRead MoreThe Exploitation Of Africans And Members Of The African Diaspora1635 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout American history, the exploitation of Africans and members of the African diaspora continues as a controversial topic among cultural critics because of America’s unwillingness to accept the flaws of its past. Discussions on whether the sentiments of slavery still impact people of the African diaspora are intricate. Furtherm ore, the marginalization of people of the African Diaspora continues to complexify the issue. Social concepts in modern America such as education, nationhood, fact makingRead MoreThe African Of African Diaspora1329 Words   |  6 Pages The African diaspora also known as the forced movement of primarily Western Africans to various parts of the globe including the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. One of the most influential sectors of the African diaspora was the Trans-Atlantic trade route. According to PBS’ How Many Slaves Landed in the U.S.? â€Å"Between 1525 and 1866, in the entire history of the slave trade to the New World, according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million Africans were shipped to theRead MoreDefining Of The African Diaspora1930 Words   |  8 PagesDefining African Diaspora When defining Diaspora, many aspects can come to mind. The topic of Diaspora usually brings to mind certain ethnic groups, but that of African and African-Americans typically are not considered. Diaspora is defined as â€Å"To refer to migrants who settle in distant lands and produce new generations, all the while maintaining ties of affection with and making occasional visits to each other and their homeland.† Usually those of Jewish heritage are known for Diaspora, but aroundRead MoreColonialism and Oppression in the African Diaspora Essay2014 Words   |  9 PagesColonialism and Oppression in the African Diaspora The experiences of the women of the African diaspora are as diverse as the regions they have come to inhabit. Despite the variety in their local realities, African and African-descended women across the planet share in many common experiences. Wherever they have made their homes, these women tend to occupy inferior or marginalized positions within their societies. Whether in the United States, Europe, Latin America, or even Africa itself, blackRead More African Diaspora Essay2370 Words   |  10 Pagessimple terms, the Diaspora as a concept, describes groups of people who currently live or reside outside the original homelands. We will approach the Diaspora from the lenses of migration; that the migration of people through out of the African continent has different points of origin, different patterns and results in different identity formations. Yet, all of these patterns of dispersion and germination/ assimilation represent formations of the Diaspora. My paper will focus Read MoreAfrican Americans And African American Diaspora Studies1235 Words   |  5 Pages A question that is commonly returned to in African American diaspora studies is how much should African roots be considered in the study of African American culture, and how much influence should African heritage have on black individuals. For Columbia professor Saidiya Hartman, this question could only be answered by returning to the motherland. Through her journey to Ghana, Hartman is able to redefine her identity as an African American woman and better understand her relationship to the countryRead MoreThe Power of Self Definition in Feminism of the African Diaspora1853 Words   |  8 Pagesand used to deal with their specific and foundational problems. However, women of the African diaspora have come to deny such universality and define their own struggle. Uprooted from their motherland and sent to lands in Latin Am erica and the United States, Black women experience unique intersection of racism and sexism. Furthermore, it is through self-definition and assertion that women of the African diaspora come together to fight for freedom, justice, and equality. Whether through colonialismRead MoreThe African Of African Diaspora1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of the world is indeed, considered the study of African Diaspora. The term diaspora is commonly known to mean a settling of scattered colonies of people from their home country to another place. The study of African Diaspora represents a growth industry. Slavery has been a common theme throughout history. To conquer the oppression and adversity usually set into place for those whom are forced to leave their homeland, resiliency is essential. Humanity has molded and shaped the progress ofRead MoreNigerian Diaspora And The African Diaspora1256 Words   |  6 PagesI am a part of the Nigerian diaspora, one of the millions of Nigerians living in a foreign nation. I moved to the United States at the age of 8 and since then, the Nigerian culture I had known and brought with me has changed and adapted to the dominant culture of the USA. Many Nigerian families and communities abroad are f aced with the same internal struggle of holding onto their traditional cultural values, while ensuring enough adaptation into the dominant culture. Due to the diversity of nations

Storm of Steel vs All Quiet on the Westen Front - 1023 Words

The Different Memoirs of WWI World War I was an extremely violent and traumatic time for soldiers on the fronts of the war, but even though it was a dramatic time for these men the memoirs from the war was varied on the western front within the German ranks. Two well known books written by the German men were Storm of Steel, written by Ernest Junger, and All Quiet on the Western Front, written by Erich Maria Remarsque which were written on the same frontier, yet were different on many basic levels. In Storm of Steel, Junger explains the war through his own personal journal that he had written while in the war and though very patriotic and nationalistic the events in the book were as they hapepned in history to the last detail that†¦show more content†¦Junger though just uses the dreads of the battle to glorify the truth. Baumer feels remorse for killing the French soldier, but Junger just reloaded. Even though these men had very opposing opinions on the subject, they did have similarities such as the me re fact they were both German soldiers. This issue is bigger than portrayed because in reality it is hard for someone from the enemy or Allied force to truly understand the German perspective and how even though there were different fronts to the war, it was distraught within the ranks throughout the entire war no matter what side of the battle you were on. Both men describe the atrocities in front of them as they happen and allow for detail to catch the heart of the audience to suffer with the soldiers. Even though these books had their significant similarities and the fact that they were on the same war, the authors had very different purposes for writing their version of the story. Each author having such strong opinions of the war contrasted the other extremely well giving the readers feelings of either patriotism or distaste towards Germany and the Great War. The books had equally strong points to them with Storm of Steel being a strongly worded and factual storyline, packed wi th action, with a patriotic twist to the straightforward novel and All Quiet on the Western Front being the narrative of a patriotic young man

Brazilian National Films The City of God Essay - 962 Words

If you run, the buck catches; if you stay, the buck eats The City of God is one of the greatest Brazilian national films of all time. This film is an amazing piece of art. A huge part of the success was observed in terms of the narrative, genre and values. However, the genres features could possibly be the themes of the film and the fears and concerns of the characters are very specific to their sceneries. The film conquered its goal in showing the poverty involving the shantytowns of Rio de Janeiro and the madness that accompanies it. One thing that the film relied deeply on was the complex narrative structure and the artificial of cinematic techniques. The way society has reacted in this industrialized world has drawn concern about†¦show more content†¦As the moving is running the sounds of people drumming is an assurance that the movie is run in a slum. The drumming is a common style used by the Brazil people. This portrays the chaotic life of Favelas one of the slums in Rio de Janeiro. In the urban setting, a child’s be gins training at a more experienced teenage level. This accelerates the crime in the cities. The apparent training have stages where the trainees starts by stealing, looting, robbing and progress at later stages to extortion , murder and gang welfare. â€Å"In the eyes of too many people, street children are not even human, and so they are dispatched in much the same way one would step on a cockroach.† (Week 12-13 Readings: Street Children). In one of the many scenes in the film a boy around ten is ordered to kill a young boy around six years of a rival ground. The gang leader has much power in controlling the people in the society, he does what he wants. He creates an interest in the audience as he is not the normal type of person, he is a rebel who is ruthless and upholds crime by all means. As one the major themes, crime, with plenty of gangs and little insight life in the slums urban areas depicted in the film have become unbearable. The youths in the film take pride and seek fame in hurting their enemies, they are thrilled by murder. This is because it is one of the alternatives to having a decent income in the areas. Lack of social and economic mobility is shownShow MoreRelatedCity of God (2002) Represents Violence and Poverty as Spectacle.3961 Words   |  16 PagesCidade de Deus / City of God (2002) on the grounds that the film represents violence and poverty as a ‘spectacle’ and fails to relate these issues to the wider socio-political context of contemporary Brazil. Is this criticism justified? ‘There are†¦two kinds of film makers: one invents an imaginary reality; the other confronts an existing reality and attempts to understand it, criticise it†¦and finally, translate it into film’ Fernando Biri, 1979[1] Fernando Meirelles’s City of God (2002) hasRead MoreThe Postcolonial Theory Of Third Cinema4380 Words   |  18 Pages One of the most popular and important film theory s that it still around today is Third Cinema also known as the Postcolonial theory. Third cinema emerged in early 1960 through the 1970 s in Latin America and was seen as a militant tool leading to freedom and a revolution. Third cinema was not only about films rather it was about literature and artwork as well as political manifestos written by filmmakers. The whole idea behind third cinema is that it â€Å"refers to the colonized, neo-colonizedRead MoreEssay Drug Trafficking, Consequences, and Accountability1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe state is the mechanism that ensures the continuation of the regime. It establishes economic, political, and social boundaries that see to representation of citizens, public good provisions, and internal and external security. The regime is the national constitution that sets the rules for leadership selection and the distribution of power; efficiently, the regime sets the boundaries for government. Finally, a nation’s policies and political leaders make up the level labeled as government. WhenRead MoreGlobalization Sample Questions7882 Words   |  32 PagesResistance d. Counter-revolutionary activity 11. In the ‘world cities discourse’ discussed in this class what term is used to describe the cities at the ‘core’ of the global economy? a. Metropolis b. Megalopolis c. ‘Space of flows’ cities d. ‘Command and control’ cities 12. Which of the following would you not expect to find in one of the three cities at the top of the pile in the ‘world cities discourse?’ a. A high concentration of advanced producer service activitiesRead MoreThe Second Wave1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves were not useless. Thus, their goal was to equalize, not to replace or transform. During WWII especially, women replaced nearly six million men who were across the ocean. Women appeared in factories and manufacturing places and even organized a national baseball league. This is right about when the figure â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† became a well-known icon of working women during the 1940’s. John F. Kennedy’s election against Richard Nixton was one of the closest in American history. Many female votersRead MoreEssay about A History of Guyana and Its Culture1648 Words   |  7 Pagesand shrimp. By 1796 the Dutch had to loosen their grip on the land, as the British expertly took over their settlements by use of force or treaties. The main cities today in Guyana are Georgetown (the capitol), Berbice, Bartica, (all of which lie around the ma in rivers), and Linden, which is a bauxite town, located in the interior. These cities were developed by the Dutch and later came under the control of the British. Trade was established with the Great Britain and the Dutch traded with the inhabitantsRead MoreImpact of Print Media on Society10439 Words   |  42 PagesTHE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DOVE EVOLUTION FILM AS A ONE-SHOT MEDIA LITERACY TREATMENT by DANIEL AARON WHEELER A.A. Alabama Christian College 1979 B.A. Western Illinois University 1989 M.A. University of Alabama 1994 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the Department of Educational Studies in the College of Education at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2009 Major Professors: Cynthia J. HutchinsonRead MoreGlobal Business Strategy for Managing Marketing: the Case of Coca-Cola Company7223 Words   |  29 Pagesintroduced was cocaine based wine and was a huge success throughout the United States. Its battle to fame was a long and treacherous route, impeded by Pepsi and government interference. Still the Coke lived on, it now had a bottling company in every large city and is in no way slowed by downfalls any longer. The result of the success of the monopolist coke was subsidiaries being formed and the business or industry of coke growing at an alarming rate. Most beverage companies are sprouts of Coca-Cola; oneRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesRichard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking andRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagestriggered by hate and revenge. But now I lost focus, and I talked to the other players. No one understood what was going on. I asked Thierry Henry, who was on the bench during this time. Thierry Henry is the top scorer in the history of the French national team. He s cool. He was still amazing, and he was also having problems with Guardiola. He doesn t greet me. He doesn t look me in the eyes, what has happened? I asked. No idea, Henry said. We started joking about it. Hey, Zlatan, has he

Mental State Examination and Interventions Sample for Students

Question: Identify and Record relevant Symptoms that Gavin displayed during the Interview, and or from the Collateral obtained from his friends and find Evidenced based Nursing Mental Health Interventions to assist you in Completing the Management Plan for him. Answer: Metal state Examination form: General appearance Gavin is a young student in his early 20s who has been experiencing excessive drinking and was experiencing bouts of confusion and hallucinations. His general appearance is confused and agitated and he seems to be in a state of confused agitation at all times. He is not taking care of his hygiene properly and appears to be wearing dirty clothes. His clothes are minimal and are not appropriate for the weather however his built is normal. His height is close to 6 feet and his complexion is fair. His hair colour is brownish and he has piercings in his ears. Behaviour His behavioural characteristics exhibit signs of extreme anxiety and paranoia. He is easily agitated and provoked by the simplest of things and is exhibiting dynamic anger management problem as well (Velasquez et al., 2015). His posture remained straight throughout the interview but he could not maintain eye contact for long. His attitude towards the interviewer remained rude and irritated. Throughout the interview the patient showed signs of agitation and was easily angered. Moreover Gavin remained fidgety and restless all throughout the interview and kept repeating that he had no time for this interview. Speech The speech of the patient is comprehensible and not slurred or muted in a any manner. However the patient was not able to keep track of the questions asked to him and kept responding with illogical and irrelevant content to most of the questions asked by the interviewer. Mood and Affect His mood seems to be angered and irritated throughout the interview, he is preoccupied with his thoughts and loses track of conversation when being spoke to. Other than that the patient seems to be in a constant state of paranoia and is speaking with incoherent and illogical content. As a result of his mood, his appearance and behaviour is anxious and his general expression turned anxious and depressed. There is congruency between his mood and the effect of it on his behaviour (Lewis, Dana Blevins, 2014). Thought process His thought processes are fragmented and are irrelevant and bore no links to the outside world. There is lack of circumstantiality in his thought process and his responses are derailed mostly. He is exhibiting signs of flight of ideas and he has loose association between his thoughts and the questions asked to him (Jordaan Emsley, 2014). Thought content His thoughts are disorganized and random with no links to the real scenarios of outside world. His thought content and the pattern were not clear and were not well connected to the reality. Moreover he was preoccupied with thoughts that spewed from his illogical and abnormal beliefs. However he did not have suicidal thoughts or morbid thoughts and was not dealing with lack of self worth. Perception The perception of Gavin seems to be very unclear and incoherent. He has been drinking and using illegal substances and that has affected his mental sanity. He cannot comprehend simple questions being asked to him and replies in a very different and disconnected context. Neither can he pay attention to anything around him and is having mild visual hallucination. Cognition His cognitive abilities seem to be impaired and are in constant state of illusion and confusion. He seems to not to be able to keep track of time, date and conversations and is unable to keep his hygiene as well. He did not appear capable recalling past activities regardless o being short term or long term. Judgment and Insight The judgemental capabilities of the patient is not up to par, he cannot process his surroundings properly and makes up imaginative scenarios in his head. He cannot evaluate choices and arrive at appropriate conclusion or take adequate decision. Neurovegetative The neurovegetative symptoms that he had been exhibiting are: Anxiety Confusion illusions Agitation Mood swings Lack of sleep, early signs of insomnia Loss of appetite (Hamburger, 2016) Mark for MSE / Comments /10 Symptoms and interventions : Sympton 1mark for each appropriate symptom Interventions 1 mark for the symptoms and 0.75 mark for each intervention and 0.25 for intext reference Gavin has been displaying symptoms of agitation The patient should be made comfortable in his environment so that he can relax (Connors et al., 2012). The patient should also be encouraged to try meditation to calm his agitation. As pharmacological intervention, the patient should be administered antipsychotics like haldol (Butcher, Hooley Mineka, 2015). Gavin is exhibiting symptoms of paranoia The major interventions that Gavin should immediately be on are psycho counselling that can help Gavin get back his bearings (Butcher, Hooley Mineka, 2015). The counsellor should establish a mutually respectful relationship with Gavin so that he trusts the counsellor enough to share his problems and grievances Antipsychotics can also be administered which can seriously diminish the intensity of the symptoms (Bouzyk-Szutkiewicz, Waszkiewicz Szulc, 2012). Gavin is displaying the symptoms of illusion and personality disorder . The intervention that can reduce the illusions and personality disorders can be extensive cognitive behavioural therapy coupled with heavy antipsychotics. The antipsychotics will pharmacologically target the brain functions to reduce the intensity of the immense personality disorders he is experiencing (Lewis, Dana Blevins, 2014). The counselling therapy can psychologically help him deal with his substance abuse and overcome his illusions. A group counselling therapy can help him overcome his apprehension and fear and will aid his cognitive heath by interacting with others dealing with similar problems and will motivate him to try to fight this mental disorder and attain recovery (Hamburger, 2016). Mark for Symptoms and Interventions / Comments. References: Bouzyk-Szutkiewicz, J., Waszkiewicz, N., Szulc, A. (2012). Alcohol and psychiatric disorders.Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego,33(195), 176-181. Butcher, J. N., Hooley, J. M., Mineka, S. M. (2015).Abnormal psychology. Pearson Higher Ed. Connors, G. J., DiClemente, C. C., Velasquez, M. M., Donovan, D. M. (2012).Substance abuse treatment and the stages of change: Selecting and planning interventions. Guilford Press. Hamburger, B. (2016). Alcoholism and Paranoiathe 1970's: A Decade of Transition.Psyccritiques,61(32). Jordaan, G. P., Emsley, R. (2014). Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder: a review.Metabolic brain disease,29(2), 231-243. Lewis, J. A., Dana, R. Q., Blevins, G. A. (2014).Substance abuse counseling. Cengage Learning. Miku?a, J., Szelenbaum, W., Kokoszka, A. (2014). Towards a cognitive model of hallucinations in the course of alcohol dependence? A source monitoring-based pilot study.Psychological medicine,44(13), 2763-2773. Velasquez, M. M., Crouch, C., Stephens, N. S., DiClemente, C. C. (2015).Group treatment for substance abuse: A stages-of-change therapy manu

Rule Of Threes free essay sample

Introduction With each breath, we take in oxygen that feeds our cells and fuels the production of energy. Water nourishes our tissues and helps regulate the level of chemicals in the body. The carbohydrates, proteins and fats that we ingest in food supply energy, as well as build materials the body uses for growth and maintenance. Each of these resources is vital to human survival. But how long can the body last when one of these resources reaches a critical low? In Activity 3. 1. 1, you read the incredible story of Mauro Prosperi. Somehow, he beat the odds and managed to survive under unimaginable conditions. The human body has the ability to adapt to internal and external changes and to conserve valuable resources. In this activity, you will continue your exploration of fuel and power in the body and debate the validity of a survival rule: The Rule of Threes. You will discuss how factors unique to the person or the environment may help that person survive in the absence of vital resources or, sadly, push him/her closer to the edge. We will write a custom essay sample on Rule Of Threes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will continue to add information to the chart you started in Activity 3. 1. 1. Equipment Powering the Human Body chart from Activity 3. 1. 1 Laboratory journal Computer with Internet access Discovery Channel Human Body: Pushing the Limits DVD or Internet clip Procedure Many survival guidebooks reference the Rule of Threes, rough estimates for how long a person can last without key resources. This rule states that a human can live: 3 minutes without air 3 days without water 3 weeks without food 1. With your team of four, discuss how the Rule of Threes compares to the estimates you came up with in Activity 3. 1. 1. Discuss why these rules may not apply to every person in every environmental situation. 2. Work with your partner to brainstorm factors in the environment that may speed up or slow down this â€Å"time to empty. † Add these factors to the chart. Think back to the story of Mauro Prosperi. Did the high temperature of the desert impact his body’s key resources? 3. Brainstorm factors unique to the individual that may speed up or slow down these estimates. For example, Mauro was 39 years old. Do you think he would have lasted as long as he did if he were in his 60s? Add these factors to the chart. 4. Share your findings with the class. 5. Update the chart in your laboratory journal. 6. In your laboratory notebook, write the â€Å"Rule of Threes. † Compose a â€Å"disclaimer† to go under the rule. What would a sports enthusiast or a traveler need to know about the factors that can affect how long the body can last in an energy crisis? 7. Visit the Discovery Channel – Human Body: Pushing the Limits website at http://dsc. discovery. com/tv/human-body/explorer/explorer. html. If your teacher shows the clip on the DVD, skip to Step 10. 8. Click the bottom tab that says, â€Å"Strength. † 9. Choose video number â€Å"3† on the right side of the screen and watch the clip about managing your fuel reserves. 10. Answer the conclusion questions. Conclusion 1 How did the swimmer in the video prepare for the energy demands he was about to place on his body? 2 How did his body manage his fuel reserves? What macromolecules did his body look to first for energy? What did his body do when this resource ran out? 11. List the body systems that were affected during Mauro Prosperi’s journey across the desert. Describe how you think he was able to last as long as he did. Think about how his body would deal with his environment and how Mauro could work to conserve his energy resources. 12. What type of meal would a long distance runner or swimmer want to eat the night before a grueling race? Explain your choices.